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# Modulation

The Modulation Auxiliary Effect consists of three audio sub-effects: Phaser, Flanger, and Chorus. You can only apply one of the three Modulation sub-effects for an entire sound mix. If you need to use more than one Modulation sub-effect in your mix, you will have to create a separate mix with that effect, or mixdown a specific segment or segments with that effect and insert it into another sound mix.

Phaser

The phaser produces the classic “swooshing” sound that characterizes phasing. The phaser effect is based on a two-voice stereo algorithm and works by shifting the phase of the signal (Delay) and adding it back to the original signal (Feedback), causing partial cancellation of the frequency spectrum. In effect, this creates notches in the frequency domain that eliminate sounds at the notch frequencies. The position (Depth) of these notches varies over time, and the phaser includes a low frequency oscillator (Speed) for this purpose.

Control | Values | Description
--- | --- | ---
Delay | 1.0 - 30.0 ms | Defines the average phase Delay between the input signal and the filtered output. Default is 1.2 ms.
Depth | 0 - 100% | Defines the depth of the phase modulation, or the amount that the Delay time is varied. Default is 100%.
Speed | 0.1 - 2 Hz | Defines the phase modulation rate. Default is 0.9 Hz.
Feedback | 0 - 100% | Defines the amount of output signal fed-back to the input. This produces a resonance effect that intensifies the peaks and lows. Default is 0%.
Output Gain | -96 - 0 dB | Default is 0 dB.

Flanger

The Flanger effect applies a modulation sweep effect to the audio signal. Flanging has a very characteristic sound that many people refer to as a "whooshing" sound, or a sound similar to that of a jet plane flying overhead. It is generally used as special effect on electric guitars. The flanger effect is based on a two-voice stereo algorithm and works by introducing a 90° phase offset between each voice (Delay). This produces peaks and notches in the resulting frequency spectrum. Varying the delay between the two voices (Depth) causes these to sweep up and down the frequency spectrum. The signal can be inverted and fed back (Feedback) to the original voice, producing a resonance effect which gives a more characteristic flanging sound.

Control | Values | Description
--- | --- | ---
Delay | 1.0 - 30.0 ms | Defines the average phase Delay between the input signal and the filtered output. Default is 0.7 ms.
Depth | 0 - 100% | Defines the depth of the modulation sweep, or the amount that the Delay time is varied. Default is 64%.
Speed | 0.1 - 2 Hz | Defines the modulation sweep rate. Default is 0.9 Hz.
Feedback | 0 - 100% | Defines the amount of output signal fed-back to the input. This produces a resonance effect that intensifies the peaks and lows. Default is 0%.
Output Gain | -96 - 0 dB | Default is 0 dB.

Chorus

The Chorus effect makes a sound appear as many similar sounds coming from multiple sources, such as a chorus from a group of singers. It adds thickness to the sound, and is often described as “lush” or “rich”. The chorus effect is based on a 4-voices stereo algorithm. The chorus effect can make a single instrument sound like there are actually several instruments being played. There is a 90° phase offset between each voice. The effect applies a delay to the audio signal (Delay) and pitch modulates it (Depth).

Control | Values | Description
--- | --- | ---
Delay | 1.0 - 30.0 ms | Default is 5.0 ms.
Depth | 0 - 100% | Defines the depth of the chorus effect. Default is 80%.
Speed | 0.1 - 2 Hz | Defines the pitch modulation rate. Default is 0.2 Hz.
Feedback | 0 - 100% | Default is 0%.
Output Gain | -96 - 0 dB | Default is 0 dB.